Launching Control Panel Apps from the Command Line

Tags: Control Panel

Fixing Bad Sectors On Hard Disk

Fixing Bad Sectors On Hard Disk

Problem of Bad Sector

While running your computer, you may receive error messages suggesting your hard disk might contain bad sectors. The errors are typically flagged as “CRC” or “Cyclic Redundancy Error”. Some of your data files are missing, unreadable or corrupted and it takes forever or impossible to access certain files and folders. This may be a cause of bad sector problems. Sectors are pie-sliced divisions of a hard disk. And a bad sector is a sector on the disk which data cannot be written or read due to a physical damage or inconsistencies of parity checking bits on disk. Any data that is written or stored on that area is likely to be lost or corrupted. Data residing on the rest of the disk may be unaffected and the disk is considerably usable if the bad sectors are few.

Bad sectors are mainly due to the magnetic weakening of the domain and mechanical faults. Over time, the magnetic areas of a disk lose its magnetism and hence its inability to retain data. Such bad sectors have the tendency to spread and are usually non-repairable. Mechanical faults include physical shocks to the disk, abrupt power shutdowns and disruptions during read-write operations. Head crash can also cause bad sectors and lead to permanent data loss on the disk. When bad sectors spread, it can result in system instability when important system files are destroyed. Mild corrupted data however can be corrected by most file system utilities.

Unknown to most, the bad sectors could some times be due to bad parity checking bits written on disk. Most modern disk while storing data will transparently store parity bits together with the data. When the data is read, the parity bits are also retrieved and compared to ensure the data integrity. This goes on without the knowledge of normal user. When the parity bits are corrupted for some reasons, it will result in bad sector errors. In this case, through some proprietary recovery software, ADRC could actually repair the bad sectors without loss of data by correcting or rewriting the corrupted parity bits on disk.

Very often, bad sectors are manifested as a result of failing Read Write head. When the Read Write heads fail to read and interpret the magnetic signals normally, the same kind of bad sectors errors could occur. Frequently, bad sectors are also early signs of disk crash as it deteriorates over time.

Solution to Bad Sector Problem

If the disk is still working well, important data should be backed up immediately to avoid further data loss. If the system respond is virtually “hanging” to a standstill and you have valuable data, the best option is to consult a data recovery specialist without doing this yourself.

Commonly, a full format process should be able to “mask” the bad sectors or earmark the bad sectors in file allocation table. One could continue to use the disk while the operating system will take notice of the location of bad sectors and avoid them altogether.

Another common CHKDSK utility provided by Windows Operating System may help to detect and mark for bad sectors. During a surface scan, it attempts to write data to that sector and then read back what it wrote. If the two do not match, the sector is marked as bad as it does not maintain data integrity. The operating system will note the particular sector and avoid writing new data onto that area of disk. After which, the bad sector will be remapped to a special sector on the drive which is reserved for this purpose.

For Windows 98, ME users, follow these steps:

1. To do this, click Start, point to Programs

2. Point to Accessories, point to System Tools and select ScanDisk

3. Select the Thorough option and click Automatically Fix Errors

4. Click Start

For Windows XP/2000 users, follow these steps:

1. On the desktop, double click on My Computer

2. <>Right click and select Properties on the erroneous drive
3. Open the Tool Tab

4. Select Check Now under Error Checking
   
5. Select the option to Automatic Fix File System Errors and Scan For And Attempt Recovery For Bad Sectors
   
   
   CHKDSK offers 2 modes of scanning:
   • Error Checking

     This mode scans your computer’s files and folders. It searches and repairs any minor corrupted files and inconsistencies it detects.

   • Surface Scan

     This mode scans every sector of the disk and identifies bad sectors. When a bad sector is detected, CHKDSK will automatically mark it as bad and the system will refrain from writing further data into that sector. The bad sectors will then be remapped with working ones on the disk. Due to the intensive nature of the scan, surface scan mode typically takes very long time to perform. Time range can stretch from a few hours to a few days.

   
   

6. Click Start

It must be pointed out here that one must use CHKDSK with extreme care because if the disk is failing imminently, such operation may stress the disk to a point of complete failure. Put it ironically, if you have a good working disk, try it. If you think your disk is failing imminently, , refrain from using CHKDSK.

Tags: bad sectors

Dell – Windows XP Stop 0xED Unmountable Boot Volume Error

Windows XP Stop 0xED Unmountable Boot Volume Error

Overview

The STOP 0x000000ED UNMOUNTABLE_BOOT_VOLUME error is likely to occur on Dell™ systems when the Microsoft® Windows® XP operating system NTFS file system has been corrupted. To repair the file system, perform the following three steps: install the Recovery Console, restart the computer to the Recovery Console, and then run the CHKDSK /R command against the volume.

• Install the Recovery Console
• Restart the Computer to the Recovery Console
• Run the CHKDSK /R command

Click the links above for detailed instructions.

NOTE:

The instructions in this document may include using the Operating System, Drivers and Utilities, or Tools CDs that were shipped with your system order. Dell no longer ships these items with every system order.As an alternative to using the CDs you can do the following: You can locate hardware drivers for your Dell hardware by searching the Downloads section on <>support.dell.com. You can use PC Restore if you need to reinstall your operating system, drivers, and Dell installed software. For information about PC Restore refer to Dell Knowledge Base article: “What is Dell™ PC Restore by Symantec and what will it Restore on My Computer?”

Additional Information

NOTE:

The rest of this article covers topics and/or procedures that are not covered by Dell’s limited warranty or supported by Dell’s technical support staff.These guidelines are provided as a courtesy to you; Dell technical support neither guarantees nor assists customers in completing these steps. If you need help with the remainder of this article, or if you need help with your hardware, software, or peripherals as a result of actions taken because of this article, you can visit the Dell Community Forum. The Community Forum provides a free, virtual location for customers to discuss problems, pose questions, and offer solutions to a myriad of issues. Also, you can call the Dell HelpDesk anytime if you need help. For a fee, HelpDesk technicians are trained to answer “how to” questions on many third-party software applications and popular electronic products, as well as offer assistance to help clean up your computer and teach you how to protect against virus and spyware attacks. To learn more about Community Forums, visit the Dell Community Forums website. To learn more about HelpDesk, visit the Dell HelpDesk website. To learn more about Dell’s limited warranties, visit the Dell Warranty website.

Prior to booting to the Windows XP Recovery Console, you must install the Recovery Console. To do this, perform the following steps:

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into the CD drive.Click the Start button and then click Run. The Run window appears. In the Open: field, type the following line:
   X:\i386\winnt32.exe /cmdcons
   where X is the drive letter of the CD drive.
2. Click the OK button.
3. Follow the instructions on the screen to finish setup.
4. Click the Start button, click Turn off the computer and then click Restart.

Return to Overview

To restart the system so that it boots to the Recovery Console, perform the following steps:

1. Insert the Windows XP CD.
2. Configure the computer to boot from the CD drive.
   The prompt Press any key to boot from CD… appea

1. Press the space bar.
   The system will start the Windows XP setup process and at the bottom of the screen the following prompt briefly appears:
   Press F6 if you need to install a third party SCSI or RAID driver…
   The Welcome to Setup screen appears.
2. If Windows XP does not natively support the hard drive controller that is in the system, press the <F6> key and proceed.

1. If you pressed the <F6> key in the last step, press the <S> key when prompted and then load the appropriate driver off the floppy disk with the hard drive controller driver.
   The Welcome to Setup screen appears.
2. Press the <R> key. The Recovery Console starts and presents a numbered list of Windows installations that it detected on the hard drive. On most systems there will be just one choice.
3. Press the number corresponding to the installation you are troubleshooting and then press the <Enter> key.
4. Type the administrator password to log onto the installation. If there is no administrator password, press the <Enter> key.
   The Recovery Console command prompt appears.

Return to Overview

To run the CHKDSK /R command, perform the following steps:

1. Insert the Windows XP CD into the CD drive.
2. Boot the system from the CD drive.
   The prompt Press any key to boot from CD… appears.
3. Press the space bar.
   The Welcome to Setup dialog box appears.
4. Press the <R> key to repair Windows by using the Recovery Console.
5. Select the number that is associated with the Windows installation you want to log on to, then type the administrator password (or press press the <Enter> key if no administrator password exists).
6. From Recovery Console, type the following command:
   CHKDSK /R
7. Press the <Enter> key.
8. From the Recovery Console, type the following command:
   exit
9. Press the <Enter> key to restart your computer.
10. If the system still will not boot to the hard drive, attempt to run the CHKDSK /R command again. Depending on the corruption on the hard drive, it may take several tries to achieve a complete repair.

Return to Overview

Tags: blue screen, BSOD, Dell

退出時自動清除分頁檔案

1 .開始 -> 執行 -> gpedit.msc
2. [電腦設定] -> [Windows 設定] -> [安全性設定] -> [本機原則] ->[安全性選項]
3. [關機: 清除虛擬記憶體分頁檔] -> 設定為 [已啟用]

禁用Guest 帳戶

1 .開始 -> 執行 -> gpedit.msc
2. [電腦設定] -> [Windows 設定] -> [安全性設定] -> [本機原則] ->[安全性選項]
3. [帳戶: Guest 帳戶狀態] -> 設定為 [已停用]

將Administrator 帳戶改名

1 .開始 -> 執行 -> gpedit.msc
2. [電腦設定] -> [Windows 設定] -> [安全性設定] -> [本機原則] ->[安全性選項]
3. [重新命名系統管理員帳戶]

在群組原則中設設定帳戶鎖定原則

1. 開始 -> 執行 -> gpedit.msc
2. [電腦設定] -> [Windows 設定] -> [安全性設定] -> [帳戶原則] -> [帳戶銷定原則] -> 設定鎖定值
3. 並設定時間間隔

設定群組原則加強系統密碼安全

1. 開始 -> 執行 -> 輸入 “gpedit.msc” -> 確定
2. 展開:
[電腦設定] -> [Windows 設定] -> [安全性設定] -> [帳戶原則] -> [密碼原則]
3. 按兩下 [密碼必須符合複雜性需求]原則
4. 打開其內容對話框, 將內容設定為 [已啟用] -> 確定
5. 按兩下[最小密碼長度] -> 設定長度

設定超強Windows XP 啟動密碼

1.  開始 -> 執行-> 輸入 “syskey” -> 確定
2. 打開 [設定Windows XP 帳戶資料庫安全性] 對話框
3. 按” 更新”
4. 選擇 “密碼啟動” 按鈕
5. 輸入密碼 及碓認 -> 碓定
6. 重啟便可

若要取消
在對話框中選擇 [將啟動金鑰存放在本機上] 即可

解決所有網頁被綁架的終極完整法

這次的移除法將可解決所有的綁架法!!!
例如: 首頁無法更改 . 首頁被更改設定 . 瀏覽器名稱被修改 . 瀏覽器被自動執行 . 開機被鎖定 .
還有最惡劣的登錄編輯器被停用……等等,以上的問題將可以完全解決!!!
目的為解決最近有許多人被一些低級的網站綁架!!!
再次宣告以上綁架法已經是屬於駭客的行為,請立即停止此卑鄙的手法!!!

007.進入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
然後右邊會有一個數值為” LegalNoticeText ” —>這也是讓你再開機時,出現叫你“確定“的東東!!!
——>你只要把此數值刪除就可以了!!!

03.恭喜你!!! 你已經完全移除那卑鄙網站�**A修改的地方!!! 接著只要“重新開機“即可!!!

P.S 最後告訴你不要再去那個卑鄙的網站了!!!
⊙ 備註: 以上後面的幾個方法找不到的,就是你沒有被綁架那些地方!!! ⊙

3. 解決“首頁無法更改“的問題 :
01.進入HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft
然後將Internet Explorer的機碼刪除!!!

4. 解決“瀏覽器被自動開啟並到不知名的網站“的問題 :
01.打開登錄編輯器” Regedit.exe
然後到“編輯“–>”尋找“輸入那一個網站的網址去尋找,接著會發現在” internat.exe “的機碼有那一個更改你網站的網址, 對那一個機碼按右鍵選編輯,出現編輯框後把那網址刪除,然後重新開機即可!!!

5. 解決按滑鼠右鍵會有“奇怪的選項“的問題 :
01.打開登錄編輯器” Regedit.exe
然後到“編輯“–>”尋找“輸入那一個奇怪的選項的字去尋找,接著把找到那奇怪的字的字串刪除,然後重新開機即可
◥ 以下開始是解決的方法!!! ◤ 一共有5種方法,每個方法都有完整說明哦!!!

1. 先解決“登錄編輯器“被停用的問題! 先下載 “恢復登錄編輯器” 的登錄檔!!!
(登錄編輯器被停用的人先下載檔案執行,恢復登錄編輯�**a!!!)

2. 解決“首頁被更改設定” . “瀏覽器名稱被修改” . “開機被鎖定” 的以下方法皆適用於一般網頁被綁架的手法!!!

首先,先要執行“登錄編輯器” Regedit.exe

01.按“開始“->”執行“->然後在“開啟“的空格內輸入“regedit”
接著會跑出“登錄編輯器“.

02.開始準備移除了!!! 一共有7個小步驟哦!!!
每個步驟我都會說明他更改的地方!!!

001.進入HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
然後右邊會有一個數值為” Start Page ” —>這是在修改你的“首頁”
也就是每次開啟IE瀏覽器所出現的第一個網頁—>你只要在這個“Start Page”的數值上
按滑鼠左鍵兩下然後輸入你想要的網站!!!

002.進入HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
然後右邊會有一個數值為” Window Title ” —>這是在修改你的“瀏覽器的名稱”
也就是在IE瀏覽器上面右邊的字,原本的名稱是“Microsoft Internet Explorer”
—>你只要在這個“Window Title”的字串值上按滑鼠左鍵兩下
然後輸入你想要的名稱!!! 或者把此數值刪除他就會用原來的名子了!!!
(這是IE 5.0″以後“版本適用)

003.進入HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\WinOldApp
然後右邊會有一個數值為” NoRealMode ” —>你只要把此數值刪除就可以了!!!

004.進入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
然後右邊會有一個數值為” Window Title ” —>這是在修改你的“瀏覽器的名稱”
也就是在IE瀏覽器上面右邊的字,原本的名稱是“Microsoft Internet Explorer”
—>你只要在這個“Window Title”的數值上按滑鼠左鍵兩下
然後輸入你想要的名稱!!! 或者把此數值刪除他就會用原來的名子了!!!
(這是IE 5.0″之前“版本適用)

005.進入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
然後右邊會有一個數值為” internat.exe ” —>你只要在這個把此數值的“資料“刪除就可以了!!!

006.進入HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
然後右邊會有一個數值為” LegalNoticeCaption ” —>這是讓你再開機時,出現叫你“確定“的東東